One of the first things I explain to parents when I conduct a language evaluation is the difference between Receptive Language and Expressive Language. Do you know the difference between the two? Don’t worry, that’s the point of this blog, let’s dive in.
Expressive language refers to the language used for communication. It is the ability to physically express oneself. So put simply it is the individual’s ability to gather their thoughts and compile them into a cohesive message in the form of language. Expressive language skills involve the use of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to convey meaning. This can include speaking, writing, and using sign language or other forms of communication. For example, a child might use expressive language when they say “I want a cookie” to request a cookie, or when they write a paragraph in an essay explaining a concept. A person with an expressive language impairment would have difficulty trying to communicate their wants and needs, potentially in any format.
Receptive language refers to the ability to understand and interpret language that is spoken or written. This includes the ability to follow directions, understand the meaning
of words and sentences, and identify the main idea of a passage. For example, a child might use receptive language when they follow the instructions “Please pick up your toys and put them in the toy box” or when they read a passage and answer questions about its content. A person with an receptive language impairment may have difficulty simply understanding what is being said to them, either at a basic or complex level, or under certain parameters.
Its important to note that expressive and receptive language skills are closely related and will often develop together. However, one can be more impaired than the other. Typically the receptive language will develop prior to expressive (i.e. they understand more than they are initially able to communicate.) Ultimately, both are vital to effectively communicate.
Examples of expressive language skills include:
-Speaking in full sentences
-Using a wide range of vocabulary
-Using proper grammar and sentence structure
-Asking questions
-Making statements
-Making requests
Examples of receptive language skills include:
-Following directions
-Understanding the meaning of words and sentences
-Identifying the main idea of a passage
-Understanding the relationships between words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms)
-Understanding the meaning of nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions and tone of voice
-Understanding the meaning of idioms and figurative language
It’s important to realize impairments in expressive or receptive language can affect an individual’s social interactions, learning, and overall quality of life. If you are concerned an individual is having difficulty with expressive or receptive language, feel free to reach out with further questions, as they may benefit from direct Speech and Language services.
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